Table of Contents
Drugs Production
Opium Trafficking Routes
Counternarcotics Strategy
Alternative Livelihood
Further Reading
For more information, see also the Monitor's posts on drugs.
Last updated: August 2010
Drugs Production:
- Afghanistan Cannabis Survey 2010
- Afghanistan Opium Survey 2010 (February) – Winter Rapid Assessment
- Addiction, Crime And Insurgency 2009: The Transnational Threat Of Afghan Opium
- Afghanistan Opium Survey 2009
- Afghanistan Opium Survey 2009 - Summary Findings
- World Drug Report 2009
- Afghanistan Opium Winter Assessment 2009
- Afghanistan Opium Survey 2008
- World Drug Report 2008
- Illicit Drug Trends in Afghanistan 2008
- Annual Report 2008
- Opium Winter Rapid Assessment Survey 2008
- Afghanistan’s Drug Industry 2007: Structure, Functioning, Dynamics, and Implications for Counter-Narcotics Policy
- Afghanistan Opium Survey 2007
- Afghanistan Opium Survey 2006
- Afghanistan Drug Use Survey 2005
Source: Afghanistan Opium Survey 2009 - Summary Findings
Map: Main Opium Producing Countries and Trafficking Routes
Counternarcotics Strategy:
- Islamic Republic of Afghanistan:
- National Drug Control Strategy: An Updated Five-Year Strategy for Tackling the Illicit Drug Problem, Ministry of Counter Narcotics, January 2006
- Counter-Narcotics, Office of the President, January 2006
- Counter Narcotics Trust Fund, Ministry of Counter Narcotics / United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Afghanistan, January 2006
- Asian Development Bank (ADB)
- NATO / ISAF
- Counter-Narcotics Fact Sheet, NATO Support to Counter Narcotics Efforts in Afghanistan, October 2007
- United Kingdom:
- Fighting the Opium Trade in Afghanistan: Myths, Facts and Sound Policy, United Kingdom Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, March 2008
- Beyond the Metrics: Understanding the Nature of Change in the Rural Livelihoods of Opium Poppy Growing Households in the 2006-07 Growing Season, United Kingdom Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, May 2007
- The Afghanistan Compact, United Kingdom Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, February 2006
- National Drug Control Strategy - An updated five-year strategy for tackling the illicit drug problem, United Kingdom Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan, January 2006
- United Nations
- Paris Pact / Rainbow Strategy Circular 2009
- Regional "Rainbow" Strategy Papers 2007:
- The Blue Paper
An action plan to increase the number of opium poppy free provinces and improve governing records in Afghanistan - The Green Paper
An action plan to strengthen cross border counter narcotics cooperation amongst Afghanistan, the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan - The Yellow Paper
An action plan to secure Central Asia's borders through intelligence cooperation and border - The Red Paper
An action plan to reduce the smuggling of precursor chemicals into Afghanistan
- The Blue Paper
- Provision of international assistance to the most affected States neighbouring Afghanistan - Report of the Executive Director, United Nations Economic and Social Council - Commission on Narcotics and Drugs, January 2009
- Current situation with respect to regional and subregional cooperation - Report of the Secretariat, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime - Subcommission on Illicit Drug Traffic and Related Matters in the Near Middle East, November 2008
- United States:
- INCSR 2010 Report – Volume I: Drug and Chemical Control, US Department of State - International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), March 2010
- Status of the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Counternarcotics Programs in Afghanistan: Performance Audit, United States Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of Governors Office of Inspector General, December 2009
- Afghanistan's Narco War: Breaking the Link Between Drug Traffickers and Insurgents, United States Senate - Committee on Foreign Relations, August 2009
- INCSR Country Reports 2009: Afghanistan, US Department of State - International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), February 2009
- Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2008, International Narcotics Control Board, February 2009
- New Survey Reveals Steep Drops in Opium Production and Cultivation in Afghanistan, Office of National Drug Control Policy, October 2008
- Factsheet: Update on Counternarcotics in Afghanistan, US Department of State, August 2008
- U.S. Counternarcotics Strategy for Afghanistan, Coordinator for Counternarcotics and Justice Reform in Afghanistan, August 2007
- Opium and Afghanistan: Reassessing U.S. Counternarcotics Strategy, Strategic Studies Institute, October 2007
- Afghanistan Drug Control: Despite Improved Efforts, Deteriorating Security Threatens Success of US Goals, United States Government Accountability Office, November 2006
- Statement of John Walters - Director of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy, Counternarcotics Efforts in Afghanistan: Recent Progress and European Support for Institutional Stability, US Department of State, April 2006
- Afghanistan: Alternative Livelihoods Program South (ALP/S) - Monitoring and Evaluation Plan - February 15, 2005 through February 15, 2009, US Agency for International Development
- World Bank:
- Afghanistan: Economic Incentives and Development Initiatives to Reduce Opium Production, February 2008
- Afghanistan: Drug Industry and Counter-Narcotics Policy, November 2006
- Afghanistan's Opium Drug Economy, December 2004
- Priority Needs Assessment Former Opium Farmers Balkh, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, October 2008
- Priority Needs Assessment Former Opium Farmers Badakhshan, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, October 2008
- Alternative Livelihoods Investment and Opium Poppy Cultivation Trends 2003 - 2007, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, October 2008
2010
- Drug Production and Trafficking, Counterdrug Policies, and Security and Governance in Afghanistan, Center for International Cooperation - New York University, June 2010
2009
- Redefining Targets: Towards a Realistic Afghan Drug Control Strategy, Transnational Institute, December 2009
- Bandits, Borderlands and Opium Wars, Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), December 2009
- The Afghan Narcotics Industry: A Summary, Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), November 2009
- Narco‐Belligerents Across The Globe: Lessons From Colombia for Afghanistan?, Real Instituto Elcano, October 2009
- US New Counternarcotics Strategy: Promises & Potential Pitfalls, The Brookings Institution, September 2009
- "Poppy Free" Provinces: A Measure or A Target?, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU), May 2009
- Cutting the Afghanistan Opium Harvest?, The Conference of Defence Associations, May 2009
- Opium for the Masses? Conflict-induced Narcotics Production in Afghanistan, Department of Economics / University of Oslo, March 2009
2008
- Counter-Narcotics in Afghanistan: The Failure of Success?, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, December 2008
- Opium Poppy and Informal Credit, Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, October 2008
- Counter-Narcotics to Stabilize Afghanistan: The False Promise of Crop Eradication, Center on International Cooperation / New York University, February 2008
2007
- Opium Licensing in Afghanistan: Its Desirability and Feasibility, The Brookings Institution, August 2007
2006
- The Drug Trade and the Future of Afghanistan, Princeton University, September 2006
- Poppies for Peace: Reforming Afghanistan's Opium Industry, The Washington Quarterly, Volume 30 Issue 1 pp. 69-81, September 2006
- Opium in Afghanistan: Lawlessness Thrives on Narcotics Trade, Center for Advanced Defense Studies, June 2006
- Afghanistan's Opium Production in Perspective, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute / Silk Road Studies Program, February 2006
2005
- Afghanistan: When Counternarcotics Undermines Counterterrorism, The Washington Quarterly, Volume 28 Issue 4 pp. 55-72, September 2005
- Frontiers and Wars: The Opium Economy in Afghanistan, Journal of Agrarian Change, Volume 5 No. 2 pp. 191-216, April 2005
2004
- Road to Ruin: Afghanistan's Booming Opium Industry, Center on International Cooperation / New York University, October 2004
